Sasmirala Individual Information for Mrk 509

Description

Mrk 509 is an early-type galaxy at a redshift of z = 0.0344 (D ~ 141 Mpc) with a bright Sy 1.5 nucleus [veron-cetty_catalogue_2010] that has been extensively studied at all wavelengths (see [kaastra_multiwavelength_2011] for a recent detailed study). The nucleus is known to be variable at almost all wavelengths, also in the infrared [glass_long-term_2004]. Mrk 509 possesses a very extended NLR (~ 10arcsec ~ 6.4 kpc; [phillips_outflow_1983]) and also belongs to the nine-month BAT AGN sample. The first N band photometry was attempted in 1975 by [allen_near-infrared_1976] but the nucleus remained undetected due to bad ambient conditions. [rieke_infrared_1978] report the first N-band detection, followed by N-band photometry with the ESO 3.6 m in 1981 [glass_mid-infrared_1982], UKIRT and IRTF spectrophotometry also in 1981 [roche_8-13_1984], Q band photometry with UKIRT in 1982 [ward_continuum_1987], and MMT N-band photometry [maiolino_new_1995]. After IRAS, the first MIR images of Mrk 509 were obtained with ISO/ISOCAM in 1996 [ramos_almeida_mid-infrared_2007], and with subarcsecond resolution with Palomar 5 m/MIRLIN [gorjian_10_2004] and ESO 3.6 m/TIMMI2 in 2002 [siebenmorgen_mid-infrared_2004]. Mrk 509 appears essentially as point source in the N-band images, while [siebenmorgen_mid-infrared_2004] claim also very weak extended emission to the south-east. No significant extended emission is visible in the Spitzer/IRAC and MIPS images. The Spitzer/IRS LR staring-mode spectrum exhibits silicate 10 and 18 μm emission, PAH features and a rather flat spectral slope in νF_ν-space with the emission peaking at ~ 18 μm (see also [shi_9.7_2006, wu_spitzer/irs_2009, tommasin_spitzer-irs_2010, mullaney_defining_2011]). We observed Mrk 509 with VISIR in three narrow N-band filters in 2006 [horst_mid_2008, horst_mid-infrared_2009] and obtained a VISIR LR N-band spectrum in 2008 [honig_dusty_2010-1]. In addition, T-ReCS imaging in two N-band filters and the Qa filter from 2008 and 2010 are available (unpublished, to our knowledge). In all images taken under good seeing conditions, an unresolved nucleus without any other host emission was detected. Solely in the Si2 image from 2010 the nucleus has a wider FWHM than the standard star but seeing was worse than in the Si-2 image from 2008. Our reanalysis of the VISIR images provides fluxes consistent with [horst_mid_2008]. In general all subarcsecond photometry is consistent with the VISIR spectrum and on average ~ 16% lower than the Spitzer spectrophotometry. This together with the absence of the PAH features in the subarcsecond data indicates a minor contamination of the Spitzer data by star formation, which occurs outside the central ~ 230 pc of Mrk 509. Considering these results, all MIR flux measurements during the last ~ 30 years yield consistent results within the uncertainties introduced by different filters, apertures and instruments. Therefore, we conclude that Mrk 509 is not significantly variable in the N-band.

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• [glass_long-term_2004] I. S. Glass. Long-term infrared photometry of seyferts . MNRAS , 350 pp. 1049–1066, May 2004.
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• [honig_dusty_2010-1] S. F. Hönig, M. Kishimoto, P. Gandhi, A. Smette, D. Asmus, W. Duschl, M. Polletta, and G. Weigelt. The dusty heart of nearby active galaxies. i. high-spatial resolution mid-IR spectro-photometry of seyfert galaxies . A&A , 515 pp. 23, June 2010.
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• [kaastra_multiwavelength_2011] J. S. Kaastra, P.-O. Petrucci, M. Cappi, N. Arav, E. Behar, S. Bianchi, J. Bloom, A. J. Blustin, G. Branduardi-Raymont, E. Costantini, M. Dadina, R. G. Detmers, J. Ebrero, P. G. Jonker, C. Klein, G. A. Kriss, P. Lubiński, J. Malzac, M. Mehdipour, S. Paltani, C. Pinto, G. Ponti, E. M. Ratti, R. A. N. Smith, K. C. Steenbrugge, and C. P. de Vries. Multiwavelength campaign on mrk 509. i. variability and spectral energy distribution . A&A , 534 pp. 36, October 2011.
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• [phillips_outflow_1983] M. M. Phillips, J. A. Baldwin, B. Atwood, and R. F. Carswell. Outflow of gas in the seyfert 1 galaxy markarian 509 . ApJ , 274 pp. 558–570, November 1983.
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• [rieke_infrared_1978] G. H. Rieke. The infrared emission of seyfert galaxies . ApJ , 226 pp. 550–558, December 1978.
• [roche_8-13_1984] P. F. Roche, B. Whitmore, D. K. Aitken, and M. M. Phillips. 8-13 micron spectrophotometry of galaxies. II - 10 seyferts and 3C 273 . MNRAS , 207 pp. 35–45, March 1984.
• [shi_9.7_2006] Y. Shi, G. H. Rieke, D. C. Hines, V. Gorjian, M. W. Werner, K. Cleary, F. J. Low, P. S. Smith, and J. Bouwman. 9.7 μm silicate features in active galactic nuclei: New insights into unification models . ApJ , 653 pp. 127–136, December 2006.
• [siebenmorgen_mid-infrared_2004] R. Siebenmorgen, E. Krügel, and H. W. W. Spoon. Mid-infrared emission of galactic nuclei. TIMMI2 versus ISO observations and models . A&A , 414 pp. 123–139, January 2004.
• [tommasin_spitzer-irs_2010] Silvia Tommasin, Luigi Spinoglio, Matthew A. Malkan, and Giovanni Fazio. Spitzer-IRS high-resolution spectroscopy of the 12 μm seyfert galaxies. II. results for the complete data set . ApJ , 709 pp. 1257–1283, February 2010.
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• [wu_spitzer/irs_2009] Yanling Wu, Vassilis Charmandaris, Jiasheng Huang, Luigi Spinoglio, and Silvia Tommasin. Spitzer/IRS 5-35 μm low-resolution spectroscopy of the 12 μm seyfert sample . ApJ , 701 pp. 658–676, August 2009.

Images

SEDs

MIR SED. The description of the symbols in all the SED plots (where present) is the following: Grey crosses and solid lines mark the Spitzer/IRAC, MIPS and IRS data. The colour coding of the other symbols is as follows: green for COMICS, magenta for Michelle, blue for T-ReCS and red for VISIR data. Darker-coloured solid lines mark spectra of the corresponding instrument. The black filled circles mark the nuclear 12 and 18 micron continuum emission estimate from the data (where present). The ticks on the top axis mark positions of common MIR emission lines, while the light grey horizontal bars mark wavelength ranges affected by the silicate 10 and 18 micron features.