Information on Service 'APFS Gaia DR3 Simple Query'

[Use this service from your browser]

Further access options are discussed below

This service is an extension of the Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars (APFS) computing exact geocentric positions in both the CIO and equinox systems to stars from the Gaia DR3 result catalogue.

For a list of all services and tables belonging to this service's resource, see Information on resource 'Intermediate and Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars'

Service Documentation

On Positions in APFS

APFS stands for "Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars", a term which we maintain due to its traditional use; introductorily, it might be appropriate to address the following issues:

  1. "apparent places" in the traditional sense are positions with right ascension referred to the equinox ("first point of Aries"). It was recommended by IAU 2000 Resolution B1.8 to use the "non-rotating origin" as new reference point for right ascensions on the celestial equator. The "non-rotating origin" – now called "Celestial Intermediate Origin (CIO)" – constitutes "intermediate places" instead of the former "apparent places". Declinations are not affected by this change of the zero point for right ascensions. For an undetermined transition period we shall provide equinox-based "apparent places" besides the CIO-based "intermediate places". However, the user should be aware that equinox-based right ascensions refer to a concept of the past, rather than to a forward-looking one. The notation "apparent places" will sometimes be used in text components to denote both kinds of ephemeris.
  2. Gaia Data Release 3 (Gaia DR3) was released in June 2022, reflecting data of the first 34 months of the Gaia mission. A five-parameter astrometric solution – positions on the sky, parallaxes, and proper motions – is provided for more than 1.3 billion sources, with a limiting magnitude of G = 21 and a bright limit of G ≈ 3. 34 million sources even have six-parameter solutions including radial velocities. Details can be found on ESA's website and corresponding references (see below). From the published uncertainties it follows that apparent places derived from Gaia DR3 may be assumed to have uncertainties of one milliarcsecond or less for the present epoch (FK6 ~ 10-20 milliarcseconds, Hipparcos ~ twice FK6). On the other hand, we cannot verify all these sources. It remains the responsibility of the user to verify that a selected source is identical with a specified star, and conforms to a specified accuracy.
  3. From a star catalogues given in the "International Celestial Reference System (ICRS)", apparent places are obtained via the procedure explained e.g. in the Explanatory Supplement of the Astronomical Almanac. That means in principle for stellar ephemeris: transformation from J2000.0 to the desired epoch and from barycentric ICRS ephemeris to geocentric coordinates by considering space motion and parallax of a star as well as light deflection and annual aberration; finally, frame bias, precession and nutation have to be considered in order to obtain apparent places referred to the equator of date (and to the origin of date for right ascension).
  4. The IAU 2000/2006 precession-nutation is used for intermediate and apparent positions. This precession-nutation model is recommended by IAU 2006 Resolution B1 and shall be valid from 1 January 2009 onwards. It includes a new precession component (P03 precession theory) which replaces the P00 precession of the IAU 2000A precession-nutation model. Right ascensions and declinations determined by using this new or the prior precession-nutation model are almost identical at milliarcsec level, and differences will hardly be noticed by APFS users. We use JPL DE430 ephemeris where required.

On times in APFS

The dates and times in this service are taken as and given in Terrestrial Time (TT).

TT is related to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) by:

TT = UTC + Δ(AT) + 32.184 sec

where Δ(AT) is an integer term depending on irregularities of the Earth's rotation. In 2006: Δ(AT) = 33 sec. The current value for Δ(AT) can be found in IERS Bulletin C.

That means that TT and UTC differ by roughly one minute. The computed apparent places are usually not affected by this difference in time-scale, except the last given digit of right ascensions for stars near the poles (as an effect of the underlying spherical coordinate system). In any case, if apparent places are used for conventional geodetic applications there is no need to consider this intricateness, and UTC may be set instead of TT. UTC is the civil time as disseminated by radio or TV, corrected for your time zone.

References

Software Routines from the IAU SOFA Collection were used. Copyright © International Astronomical Union Standards of Fundamental Astronomy (http://www.iausofa.org)

Parts of this work make use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia (http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia), processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC, http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/gaia/dpac/consortium). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Overview

You can access this service using:

This service is published as follows:

local means it is listed on our front page, ivo_managed means it has a record in the VO registry.

Other services provided on the underlying data include:

Input Fields

The following fields are available to provide input to the service (with some renderers, some of these fields may be unavailable):

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD
_SET Output in N/A N/A N/A
endDate End date End date of generated ephemeris N/A N/A
hrInterval Interval of generation (hrs) Number of hours between two apparent positions N/A N/A
maxmag Max. mag Maximal (faintest) G magnitude desired mag N/A
minmag Min. mag Minimal (brightest) G magnitude desired mag N/A
object Object Enter a (decimal, comma-separated) position or simbad identifier to use the closest Gaia DR3 star in the given magnitude bracket; or use a DR3 source_id (in which case the magnitude bracket is ignored). N/A N/A
startDate Start date Start date of generated ephemeris N/A N/A

Default Output Fields

The following fields are contained in the output by default. More fields may be available for selection; these would be given below in the VOTable output fields.

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD
arg_hour Hour (TT) Hour of epoch (TT) hour time
dec δ Declination of object at epoch deg eq.pos.dec
isodate Date Date of epoch (TT) N/A time.epoch
raCio α (CIO) Right ascension of object at epoch in the CIO system deg eq.pos.ra
raEqu α (Equinox) Right ascension of object at epoch in the old equinox system deg eq.pos.ra

VOTable Output Fields

The following fields are available in VOTable output. The verbosity level is a number intended to represent the relative importance of the field on a scale of 1 to 30. The services take a VERB argument. A field is included in the output if their verbosity level is less or equal VERB*10.

NameTable Head DescriptionUnitUCD Verb. Level
isodate Date Date of epoch (TT) N/A time.epoch 1
arg_hour Hour (TT) Hour of epoch (TT) hour time 1
raCio α (CIO) Right ascension of object at epoch in the CIO system deg eq.pos.ra 1
dec δ Declination of object at epoch deg eq.pos.dec 1
raEqu α (Equinox) Right ascension of object at epoch in the old equinox system deg eq.pos.ra 20

This work has made use of data from the European Space Agency (ESA) mission Gaia, processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement.

Citation Info

VOResource XML (that's something exclusively for VO nerds)